Objective To understand the overwintering status of Aedes albopictus and influencing factors in Songjiang district, for providing scientific suggestions for local Ae. albopictus control and prevention in winter season. Methods Cross-sectional study was applied, and water samples of containers were collected randomly in courtyard in 11 sub-districts in Songjiang from January to March in 2017. Then the collected water samples were incubated in artificial climate box for 2 weeks, and the hatching rate and incubation time were recorded, then a statistical analysis was conducted by applying SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2003 software. Chi square test and non-parametric test were used for univariate analysis, binary logistic regression and the generalized linear model analysis were applied for multivariate analysis. Results The overwintering positive rate of Ae. albopictus was 40.27% (60/149). The potential Breteau index (BI)of 11 sub-districts were all over 20, with the lowest of 20.00 and the highest of 66.67. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the positive rate of Ae. albopictus in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas ( P=0.018), and the positive rate in temporary water containers and waste tires were higher than that in the fixed water containers ( P=0.001, 0.049). Of all 60 water samples with positive incubation, the shortest incubation time was 0.75 d (18 h)and the longest incubation time was 13.00 d, with a median incubation time of 6.00 d. Generalized linear model analysis showed that the incubation time decreased gradually with the increase of months ( b=-1.252, P=0.046). Conclusion The overwintering positive rate of Ae. albopictus in water containers in Songjiang district was high, and the temporary water containers and waste tires were the main overwintering places for Ae. albopictus, the incubation time decreased month by month from January to March. Therefore, we should carry out Ae. albopictus control and prevention in winter, this could reduce the density of the mosquito of the next year, which was a critical control and prevention measure for Ae. albopictus.